小学英语学起来不难,但关乎孩子英语基础,该记牢的不能错! 01 基础知识 1.字母: 2.音标: 3.词汇:词汇量 ,近/反义词 4.句子:大小写 02 语法知识 # 名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (1)名词单复数 1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (2)名词的格 1.有生命的东西的名词所有格: a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes 注意: ①并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 ②要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s:Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China # 冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类 (1)不定冠词:a / an 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson (2)定冠词the的用法: 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk. 2.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. 3.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. 4.在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second. 5.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening (3)不用冠词的情况: 1.专有名词前:China is a big country. 2.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. 3.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. 4.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. 5.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. 6.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. 7.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. 8.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. 9.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus # 形容词,副词:比较级,最高级 (1)形容词的比较级 1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。 2.形容词加er的规则: (1)一般在词尾加er ; (2)以字母e 结尾,加r ; (3)以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful (2)副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) (1)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 (2)副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 *不规则变化:well-better, far-farther # 数词:基数词、序数词 (1)基数词 1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one 101—999 先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three (2)序数词 1.一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth 2.不规则变化 one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth 3.以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth 4.从数字21后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词: twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e. 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序 # 介词:in, on, at, behind 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) 2.on 1)表示具体日期。 (1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法: at/on the weekend 在周末---特指 over the weekend 在整个周末 during the weekend 在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas? 2)在(刚……)的时候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3.in: 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。eg:in 1988 end 声明:本文内容来源于网络,转载请联系原出处。封面图片来自邑石网。奥数网尊重版权,如有侵权问题,请及时与管理员联系处理。 喜欢就点个“在看”哦~ |