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TED演讲 | 如何才干从错误中学习呢?

2022-12-25 14:52| 发布者: 挖安琥| 查看: 125| 评论: 0

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简介:演讲者:Diana Laugenberg片长:10:05在学校学习学问的时分,教员担忧学生记住错误的东西,所以总是教给他们正确的学问。但其实,偶尔留有犯错的机遇,或许更能让人领悟。双语对照:I have been teaching for a long ...

演讲者:Diana Laugenberg


片长:10:05


在学校学习学问的时分,教员担忧学生记住错误的东西,所以总是教给他们正确的学问。但其实,偶尔留有犯错的机遇,或许更能让人领悟。



双语对照:


I have been teaching for a long time, and in doing so have acquired a body of knowledge about kids and learning that I really wish more people would understand about the potential of students. In 1931, my grandmother -- bottom left for you guys over here -- graduated from the eighth grade. She went to school to get the information because that's where the information lived. It was in the books; it was inside the teacher's head; and she needed to go there to get the information, because that's how you learned. Fast-forward a generation: this is the one-room schoolhouse, Oak Grove, where my father went to a one-room schoolhouse. And he again had to travel to the school to get the information from the teacher, stored it in the only portable memory he has, which is inside his own head, and take it with him, because that is how information was being transported from teacher to student and then used in the world. When I was a kid, we had a set of encyclopedias at my house. It was purchased the year I was born, and it was extraordinary, because I did not have to wait to go to the library to get to the information. The information was inside my house and it was awesome. This was different than either generation had experienced before, and it changed the way I interacted with information even at just a small level. But the information was closer to me. I could get access to it.


我从事教员工作很长一段时间了, 而在我教书的过程当中 我学了很多关于孩子与学习的学问 我十分希望更多人能够了解 学生的潜能。 1931年,我的祖母 从你们那边看过来左下角那位-- 从八年级毕业。 她上学是去获取学问 由于在过去,那是学问存在的中央 学问在书本里,在教员的脑袋里, 而她需求专程到学校去取得这些学问, 由于那是当时学习的途径 快进过一代: 这是个只需一间教室的学校,Oak Grove, 我父亲就是在这间只需一个教室的学校就读。 而同样的,他不得不去上学 以从教员那儿取得学问, 然后将这些学问贮存在他独一的移动内存,那就是他自己的脑袋里, 然后将这些随身携带, 由于这是过去学问被传送的方式 从教员传给学生,接着在世界上运用。 当我还小的时分, 我们家里有一套百科全书。 从我一出生就买了这套书, 而那是十分了不起的事情, 由于我不需求等着去图书馆取得这些学问, 这些信息就在我的屋子里 而那真是太棒了。 这是 和过去相比,是十分不同的 这改动了我和信息互动的方式 即便改动的幅度很小。 但这些学问却离我更近了。 我能够随时获取它们。


In the time that passes between when I was a kid in high school and when I started teaching, we really see the advent of the Internet. Right about the time that the Internet gets going as an educational tool, I take off from Wisconsin and move to Kansas, small town Kansas, where I had an opportunity to teach in a lovely, small-town, rural Kansas school district, where I was teaching my favorite subject, American government. My first year -- super gung-ho -- going to teach American government, loved the political system. Kids in the 12th grade: not exactly all that enthusiastic about the American government system. Year two: learned a few things -- had to change my tactic. And I put in front of them an authentic experience that allowed them to learn for themselves. I didn't tell them what to do or how to do it. I posed a problem in front of them, which was to put on an election forum for their own community.


在过去的这几年间 从我还在念高中到我开端教书的时分, 我们真的亲眼目睹网络的展开。 就在网络开端 作为教学用的工具展开的时分, 我分开威斯康辛州 搬到勘萨斯州,一个叫勘萨斯的小镇 在那里我有机遇 在一个小而美丽的勘萨斯的乡村学区 教书, 教我最喜欢的学科 "美国政府" 那是我教书的第一年,充溢热情,准备教"美国政府" 我当时酷爱教政治体系。 这些十二年级的孩子 关于美国政府体系 并不完整充溢热情。 开端教书的第二年,我学到了一些事情,让我改动了教学方针。 我提供他们一个真实体验的机遇 让他们能够自主学习。 我没有通知他们得做什么,或是要怎样做。 我只是在他们面前提出一个问题, 要他们在自己的社区设立一个选举论坛。


They produced flyers. They called offices. They checked schedules. They were meeting with secretaries. They produced an election forum booklet for the entire town to learn more about their candidates. They invited everyone into the school for an evening of conversation about government and politics and whether or not the streets were done well, and really had this robust experiential learning. The older teachers -- more experienced -- looked at me and went, "Oh, there she is. That's so cute. She's trying to get that done." (Laughter) "She doesn't know what she's in for." But I knew that the kids would show up, and I believed it, and I told them every week what I expected out of them. And that night, all 90 kids -- dressed appropriately, doing their job, owning it. I had to just sit and watch. It was theirs. It was experiential. It was authentic. It meant something to them. And they will step up.


他们散布传单,联络各个选举行公室, 他们和秘书排定行程, 他们设计了一本选举论坛手册 提供给全镇的镇民让他们更了解这些候选人。 他们约请一切的人到学校 参与晚上的座谈 谈论政府和政治 还有镇里的每条街是不是都修建完善, 学生们真的得到强大的体验式学习。 学校里比较资深年长的教员 看着我说 "喔,看她,多天真呀,竟想试着这么做。" (大笑) "她不知道她把自己堕入怎样样的局面" 但我知道孩子们会列席 而我真的这样置信。 每个礼拜我都对他们说我是如何等候他们的表示。 而那天晚上,全部九十个孩子 每个人的穿戴划一,各司其职,完整控制论坛 我只需求坐在一旁看着。 那是属于他们的夜晚,那是阅历,那是真实的阅历。 那对他们来说具有意义。 而他们将会愈加努力。


From Kansas, I moved on to lovely Arizona, where I taught in Flagstaff for a number of years, this time with middle school students. Luckily, I didn't have to teach them American government. Could teach them the more exciting topic of geography. Again, "thrilled" to learn. But what was interesting about this position I found myself in in Arizona, was I had this really extraordinarily eclectic group of kids to work with in a truly public school, and we got to have these moments where we would get these opportunities. And one opportunity was we got to go and meet Paul Rusesabagina, which is the gentleman that the movie "Hotel Rwanda" is based after. And he was going to speak at the high school next door to us. We could walk there. We didn't even have to pay for the buses. There was no expense cost. Perfect field trip.


分开堪萨斯后,我搬到美丽的亚利桑纳州, 我在Flagstaff小镇教了几年书, 这次是教初中的学生。 侥幸的,我这次不用教美国政治。 这次我教的是更令人兴奋的天文。 再一次,十分等候的要学习。 但有趣的是 我发往常这个亚历桑纳州的教职 我所面对的是一群十分多样化的,彼此之间差别悬殊的孩子们 在一所真正的公立学校。 在那里,有些时分,我们会得到了一些机遇。 其中一个机遇是 我们得以和Paul Russabagina见面, 这位先生 正是电影"卢安达饭店"依据描画的那位主人翁 他当时正要到隔壁的高中演讲 我们能够步行到那所学校,我们以至不用坐公共汽车 完整不需求额外的支出,十分圆满的校外教学


The problem then becomes how do you take seventh- and eighth-graders to a talk about genocide and deal with the subject in a way that is responsible and respectful, and they know what to do with it. And so we chose to look at Paul Rusesabagina as an example of a gentleman who singularly used his life to do something positive. I then challenged the kids to identify someone in their own life, or in their own story, or in their own world, that they could identify that had done a similar thing. I asked them to produce a little movie about it. It's the first time we'd done this. Nobody really knew how to make these little movies on the computer, but they were into it. And I asked them to put their own voice over it. It was the most awesome moment of revelation that when you ask kids to use their own voice and ask them to speak for themselves, what they're willing to share. The last question of the assignment is: how do you plan to use your life to positively impact other people? The things that kids will say when you ask them and take the time to listen is extraordinary.


然后接着的问题是 你要怎样和七八年级的学生谈论种族屠杀 用怎样样的方式来处置这个问题 才是一种担任任和尊重的方式, 让学生们知道该怎样面对这个问题。 所以我们决议去察看Paul Rusesabagina是怎样做的 把他当作一个例子 一个平凡人如何应用自己的生命做些积极的事情的例子。 接着,我应战这些孩子,要他们去找出 在他们的生命里,在他们自己的故事中,或是在他们自己的世界里, 找出那些他们以为也做过相似事情的人。 我要他们为这些人和事迹制造一部短片。 这是我们第一次尝试制造短片。 没有人真的知道如何应用电脑制造短片。 但他们十分投入,我要他们在片子里用自己的声音。 那真实是最棒的启示方式 当你要孩子们用他们自己的声音 当你要他们为自己说话, 说那些他们愿意分享的故事。 这项作业的最后一个问题是 你打算怎样应用你自己的生命 去正面的影响其他人 孩子们说出来的那些话 在你讯问他们后并花时间倾听那些话后 是十分了不起的。


Fast-forward to Pennsylvania, where I find myself today. I teach at the Science Leadership Academy, which is a partnership school between the Franklin Institute and the school district of Philadelphia. We are a nine through 12 public school, but we do school quite differently. I moved there primarily to be part of a learning environment that validated the way that I knew that kids learned, and that really wanted to investigate what was possible when you are willing to let go of some of the paradigms of the past, of information scarcity when my grandmother was in school and when my father was in school and even when I was in school, and to a moment when we have information surplus. So what do you do when the information is all around you? Why do you have kids come to school if they no longer have to come there to get the information?


快进到宾州,我往常住的中央。 我在科学指导学院教书, 它是富兰克林学院 和费城学区协同的合办的。 我们是一间9年级到12年级的公立高中, 但我们的教学方式很不一样。 我起初搬到那里 是为了亲身参与一个教学环境 一个能够证明我所了解孩子能够有效学习方式的方式, 一个愿意探求 一切可能性的教学环境 当你愿意放弃 一些过去的规范方式, 放弃我祖母和我父亲上学的那个年代 以至是我自己念书的那个年代,由于信息的稀缺, 到一个我们正处于信息过剩的时期。 所以你该怎样处置那些环绕在周围的学问? 你为什么要孩子们来学校? 假如他们再也不需求特意到学校取得这些学问?


In Philadelphia we have a one-to-one laptop program, so the kids are bringing in laptops with them everyday, taking them home, getting access to information. And here's the thing that you need to get comfortable with when you've given the tool to acquire information to students, is that you have to be comfortable with this idea of allowing kids to fail as part of the learning process. We deal right now in the educational landscape with an infatuation with the culture of one right answer that can be properly bubbled on the average multiple choice test, and I am here to share with you: it is not learning. That is the absolute wrong thing to ask, to tell kids to never be wrong. To ask them to always have the right answer doesn't allow them to learn. So we did this project, and this is one of the artifacts of the project. I almost never show them off because of the issue of the idea of failure.


在宾州,我们有一个人人有笔记本的项目, 所以这些孩子每天带着他们笔记本电脑, 带着电脑回家,随时学习学问。 有一件事你需求学着顺应的是 当你给了学生工具 让他们能够自主取得学问, 你得顺应一个想法 那就是允许孩子失败 把失败视为学习的一部分。 我们往常面对教育大环境 带着一种 留恋单一解答的文化 一种靠选择题折优的文化, 而我在这里要通知你们, 这不是学习。 这绝对是个错误 去请求孩子们永远不能够犯错。 请求他们永远都要有正确的解答 而不允许他们去学习。 所以我们实施了这个项目, 这就是这个项目中一件作品。 我简直历来没有展示过这些 由于我们关于错误与失败的观念。


My students produced these info-graphics as a result of a unit that we decided to do at the end of the year responding to the oil spill. I asked them to take the examples that we were seeing of the info-graphics that existed in a lot of mass media, and take a look at what were the interesting components of it, and produce one for themselves of a different man-made disaster from American history. And they had certain criteria to do it. They were a little uncomfortable with it, because we'd never done this before, and they didn't know exactly how to do it. They can talk -- they're very smooth, and they can write very, very well, but asking them to communicate ideas in a different way was a little uncomfortable for them. But I gave them the room to just do the thing. Go create. Go figure it out. Let's see what we can do. And the student that persistently turns out the best visual product did not disappoint. This was done in like two or three days. And this is the work of the student that consistently did it.


我的学生们制造了这些信息图表 结果是我们决议以这个汇报作为我们学年的总结讲演 内容是回应漏油事情。 我请求他们拿 他们看过的资讯图表当做范例 就是在媒体里展示的那些信息图表, 认真看看那里头什么是有趣的, 然后自己设计一个 以美国历史中其他的人为灾难为主题。 我为这项作业设了一些其他的条件 他们觉得这个作业有些艰难, 由于我们历来没有出过这样的作业,而他们不完整知道要怎样中止。 他们能够谈论这议题,相当顺畅, 他们也能写得十分十分得好, 但当被请求要用一种其他的方式来表白想法的时分 他们有点无所适从。 但我给了他们终间去做这个作业。 去发明,去自己发现该怎样做。 让我们拭目以待我们能够完成些什么。 最后那些总是 呈现最佳视觉效果作品的学生,这次也没有让人失望 这个作品大约花了两三天的时间 而这是来自一个经常很棒得完成作业的学生。


And when I sat the students down, I said, "Who's got the best one?" And they immediately went, "There it is." Didn't read anything. "There it is." And I said, "Well what makes it great?" And they're like, "Oh, the design's good, and he's using good color. And there's some ... " And they went through all that we processed out loud. And I said, "Go read it." And they're like, "Oh, that one wasn't so awesome." And then we went to another one -- it didn't have great visuals, but it had great information -- and spent an hour talking about the learning process, because it wasn't about whether or not it was perfect, or whether or not it was what I could create. It asked them to create for themselves, and it allowed them to fail, process, learn from. And when we do another round of this in my class this year, they will do better this time, because learning has to include an amount of failure, because failure is instructional in the process.


然后当我要一切学生坐下来,我问他们"谁交出了最好的作品?" 他们立刻指着这个作品回答"这件" 他们并没有细读其中的内容,就回答了"这件" 然后我说,"那么,是什么要素让这个作品这么好?" 他们回答说,"喔,设计得很好,他用了很好的颜色组合,还有一些..." 他们分别说了想法,我们一同讨论了之后 我说,"往常去读读内容" 接着他们说"喔,往常看起来似乎其实没有那么好" 后来我们谈到另外一个作业-- 那个作品没有很好的视觉设计,但是有十分好的资讯内容-- 我们接着花了大约一个小时来讨论这个学习过程, 由于那并不是关于哪个作品比较圆满, 或是我能或不能发明出这样的东西; 这作业是要他们为自己创作。 这作业也让他们有失败的可能, 消化思索之后,从失败中学习。 今年,当我们又再一次尝试相似的作业, 他们都将会比去年做的更好。 由于学习 必须包含一定水平的失败, 由于失败具有教学意义 在学习的过程中。


There are a million pictures that I could click through here, and had to choose carefully -- this is one of my favorites -- of students learning, of what learning can look like in a landscape where we let go of the idea that kids have to come to school to get the information, but instead, ask them what they can do with it. Ask them really interesting questions. They will not disappoint. Ask them to go to places, to see things for themselves, to actually experience the learning, to play, to inquire. This is one of my favorite photos, because this was taken on Tuesday, when I asked the students to go to the polls. This is Robbie, and this was his first day of voting, and he wanted to share that with everybody and do that. But this is learning too, because we asked them to go out into real spaces.


我有上百万个照片 能够展示, 可我得当心的选择--好,这是我最喜欢的一张-- 学生正在学习的照片, 学习能够是什么样子 在一个我们放弃传统观念的环境中 学生非得来学校以取得学问这样的想法, 取而代之,问他们,他们能够应用这些学问来做些什么? 问他们真正有趣的问题。 他们不会让人失望。 请求他们去不同的中央, 去亲眼见识不同的事情, 去真正的体验学习, 去玩,去查询。 这是我最喜欢的照片之一 由于这是一张星期二照的照片, 当我请求学生们去投票。 这是Robbie,这是他第一次投票, 而他想要和大家分享这个投票的阅历。 但这也是学习, 由于我们要他们到外头真实的世界去。


The main point is that, if we continue to look at education as if it's about coming to school to get the information and not about experient



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