近期很多中央中小学都曾经举行或行将举行期中考试,这里说说英语APP的小编整理了一些小学英语期中考试重难点和易错点,帮大家扫清学问雷区! 一、语法易错点 1. a, an的选择:元音要素开头的单词用an,辅音要素开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择:单数用is , 复数用are,I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用have,I /you 用 have. 4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物/某人。单数用there is , 不可数用there is , 复数用there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some;疑问句和承认句用any. 希望得到对方肯定回答时,some不变any. Eg:Would you like some apples? 6. 疑问词的选择: what(什么) who(谁) where(哪里) whose(谁的) why(为什么) when(什么时分) which(哪一个) how old(多大) how many(多少?[对可数名词复数提问]) how much(1.多少?[对不可数名词提问];2.多少钱?[对价钱提问]) 二、形容词比较级 当我们需求对事物作出比较时,需求用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是: A + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ B ,如: An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。) 形容词的比较级分为规则变更和不规则变更,规则变更是: ① 普通的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger. ② 以不发音的e结尾,直接加r ,如 nice – nicer. ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier. ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter. ⑤ 多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加”more“,如beautiful - more beautiful , interesting - more interesting. 部分形容词的比较级是不规则的: 如:good-better,bad-worse. ☆留意☆ 比较的两者应该是相互对应的可比较的东西。 典型错误: My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。) 比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。 应该改为: My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 三、动词过去式 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A.规则动词 ① 普通直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed:如study – studied , carry – carried , worry – worried (留意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) ④ 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个字母,如 stopped B.不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式: sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read , fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四、动词往常分词详解,动词的ing方式的构成规则: ① 普通直接在后面加上ing,如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing ③ 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个字母的有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五、小学英语人称代词主格及宾格 人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格和宾格区别:主格和宾格汉语意义相同,但位置不同。 Eg: I(主格)"我" -- me (宾格)"我" 主格在陈说句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。 Eg: I have a new car.(I 主格) Excuse me.(me 宾格) I ask him to go.(him 宾格) They sit in front of me.(me 宾格) 主格(8个):I 我;you你;he他;she她;it它;we 我们;you 你们;they他(她、它)们 宾格(8个):me我;you你;him 他;her她;it它;us我们;you你们;them他(她、它)们 六、句型专项归类 1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈说的句子 如: I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. 2.承认句:含有承认词或表示承认意义词的句子 如: I'm not a student. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. ☆留意☆ 承认句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了承认词 "not",有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 普通都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在实义动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也能够把它们缩写在一同如"don't , doesn't , didn't "。这三个助动词要依据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于普通往常时主语是第三人称单数的状况,而"did"只用于普通过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did"。 3.普通疑问句:是指讯问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes"或"no"来回答 如: Are you a student? Yes, I am. \ No, I'm not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. \ No, he doesn't. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. \ No, I didn't. ☆留意☆ 小结: 普通疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, ①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 ②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 这三个助动词也要依据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于普通往常时主语是第三人称单数的状况,而"did"只用于普通过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" 。 普通疑问句有个重要的准绳就是问和答要分歧,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简单答句里的这个词是分歧的。 4.特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答。 如: What is this? Where are you going? Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? When do you usually get up? Why do you like spring best? How are you? ☆留意☆ 其中how又能够和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少(数量)),how much(多少(钱)),how tall(多高),how long(多长),how big(多大),how heavy(多重) 例句: How many pencils do you have? How many girls can you see? how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,好比以下三种搭配。 How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少…… How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少…… How many + 名词复数 + are there 有多少…… 七、完整、缩略方式 1、简缩方式的变法:把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成' ,但are除外,are要把a打成' 。 Eg: he is=he's they are=they're 2、简缩方式和完整方式的汉语意义相同。 3、把完整方式变成简缩方式时,一定要留意第一个字母的大小变更。 Eg: What is =What's 4、记住一个特殊变更: let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i) 5、记住:this is 没有简缩方式this's(错误) 6、常见的缩略方式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not |